In Sankhya philosophy, Purusha represents the eternal, unchanging, and pure consciousness. It is the fundamental essence of the self, distinct from the material world, known as Prakriti. Purusha is beyond time, space, and causality—an absolute witness to all of creation. It is devoid of qualities, and its nature is pure awareness, free from the distractions of the material world.
Purusha is not involved in the processes of creation or destruction but remains a silent observer. In Sankhya, the universe is seen as an interplay of Prakriti (the material aspect) and Purusha (the conscious observer). While Prakriti undergoes constant transformation through the three gunas—Sattva (balance), Rajas (activity), and Tamas (inertia)—Purusha remains unaffected, immutable, and passive. It is the source of all consciousness, but not the cause of the phenomena occurring in the physical world.
The interaction between Purusha and Prakriti is central to human experience. When Purusha identifies with the material world, it becomes entangled in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). The ignorance of one’s true nature leads to the misidentification of the self with the body, mind, and senses. Liberation (moksha) in Sankhya philosophy is attained when Purusha realizes its true nature as separate from Prakriti. This realization leads to the cessation of suffering and the end of samsara.
Thus, Purusha in Sankhya philosophy is the ultimate, individual consciousness that transcends all material existence. It is the silent witness, free from the fluctuations of the mind and body, and embodies the pure, unconditioned awareness that is the foundation of all spiritual awakening.
Article Crafted by Yoga Home Bali Team